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adjacent low

  • 1 ὑπόκειμαι

    ὑπόκειμαι, used as [voice] Pass. of ὑποτίθημι, [tense] fut. ὑποκείσομαι Pi.O.1.85, etc., but [tense] aor. ὑπετέθην:—
    A lie under,

    ὑπὸ δὲ ξύλα κεῖται Il.21.364

    ;

    θεμέλιοι ὑ. Th.1.93

    ;

    τὸν μηρὸν ὑποκείμενον ἔχειν Arist.IA 712b32

    , cf. PA 686a13, 689b18: c. dat.,

    τοιαύτης τῆς κρηπῖδος ὑποκειμένης ταῖς πολιτείαις Pl.Plt. 301e

    : τὰ ὑποκείμενα, opp. τὰ ὑπερκείμενα, Sor.1.8.
    2 of places, lie close to,

    ὑποκειμένης τῆς Εὐβοίας ὑπὸ τὴν Ἀττικήν Isoc. 4.108

    ;

    ὑ. τὸ πεδίον τῷ ἱερῷ Aeschin.3.118

    ;

    λόφος ὑποκείμενος τοῖς Σιννάκοις Plu.Crass.29

    ;

    τὸ τὴν οἰκουμένην ὑποκεῖσθαι πρὸς τοῦτον τὸν τόπον Arist.Mete. 364a7

    , cf.Pr. 941b39;

    <τὰ> πρὸς βορρᾶν καὶ ἄρκτον ὑποκείμενα μέρη τῶν ὀρέων Gp.2.5.1

    ; τὰ ὑποκείμενα ἐδάφη the adjacent soil, D.S.3.50; ἡ-κειμένη χώρα the adjacent country, ibid. (but, the adjacent low lands, Id.2.37, Plu.Sert.17);

    ὄρος ὑπόκειται Plb.5.59.4

     codd. ( ἐπίκ- Schweigh.);

    ὁ ὑποκείμενος ποταμός Id.3.74.2

    ; ὑποκεῖσθαι πρὸς τὴν ο?ὑπόκειμαιXψιν to be presented to the sight, Demetr.Lac.Herc.1013.17.
    3 to be given below in the text,

    κατὰ τὴν.. συγγραφήν, ἧς τὸ ἀντίγραφον ὑπόκειται PCair.Zen.355.122

     (iii B. C.); γράψον.. τοὺς χαρακτῆρας ὡς ὑπόκειται as below, PMag.Par.1.408; λέγε τὸν λόγον τὸν ὑποκείμενον ib.230; ὡς ὑπόκειται as below, Sammelb.5231.11 (i A. D.), etc.; also, as set forth, PKlein.Form.78 (v/vi A. D.).
    II in various metaph. senses,
    1 to be established, set before one (by oneself or another) as an aim or principle, ἐμοὶ μὲν οὗτος ἄεθλος ὑποκείσεται shall be my appointed task, Pi. l. c.; δυοῖν ὑποκειμένοιν ὀνομάτοιν two phrases being prescribed, having legal sanction, D.23.36; ὑπόκειται πρῶτον μὲν διωμοσία, δεύτερον δὲ λόγος the prescribed course is.., ib.71; μένειν ἐπὶ τῶν ὑποκειμένων to abide by one's resolves, Plb.1.19.6, 2.51.1;

    μένειν ἐπὶ τῆς ὑ. γνώμης Id.1.40.5

    ; ἐμοὶ ὑπόκειται ὅτι .. for me it is a fixed principle that.., Hdt.2.123, cf. Arist.Oec. 1343b9;

    νομίζω συμφέρειν.. τοῦθ' ὑποκεῖσθαι D.14.3

    ; τῶν πραγμάτων ἐν οἷς τὰ ὑποκείμενα διαφέρει τῷ εἴδει things of which the principles differ in kind, Arist.Pol. 1275a35; τὰς ὑποκειμένας μοίρας τξ the conventional 3600, Ptol.Alm.5.1.
    2 to be assumed as a hypothesis (cf.

    ὑπόθεσις 111

    ), Pl.Cra. 436d, al.; ὑπέκειτο μὴ οἷόν τε εἶναι .. Id.Erx. 404b;

    τούτων ὑποκειμένων Id.Prt. 359a

    , R. 478e; τὴν ἐκ τῶν -κειμένων ἀρίστην [πολιτείαν] the best (possible) in the circumstances, opp. to τὴν κρατίστην ἁπλῶς and to τὴν ἐξ ὑποθέσεως, Arist. Pol. 1288b26;

    ὑποκείσθω τι

     let it be taken for granted,

    Id.EN 1103b32

    , cf. 1129a11, al., Gal.15.175; ὑποκείσθω ὅτι .. let it be taken for granted that.., Arist.Pol. 1323b40;

    ὑ. εἶναι τὴν ἡδονὴν κίνησιν Id.Rh. 1369b33

    : so with a nom., ὑ. ἡ ἀρετὴ εἶναι .. Id.EN 1104b27, cf. Rh. 1357a11: c. part.,

    τοιόνδε ζῷον ὑ. ὄν Id.GA 778b17

    : without any Verb, ἡ τοῦ δέρματος φύσις ὑ. γεώδης (sc. εἶναι or οὖσα) ib. 782a29, etc.: cf. ὑποτίθημι IV. 1.
    4 to be in prospect,

    ἐλπὶς ὑπόκειται σφαλεῖσι κἂν αὐτοὺς διασῴζεσθαι Th.3.84

    ;

    αἱ ὑποκείμεναι προσδοκίαι καὶ αἱ ἐλπίδες D.19.24

    ; παρ' ὑμῖν ὀργὴ μεγάλη καὶ τιμωρία ὑπόκειται τοῖς τὰ ψευδῆ μαρτυροῦσι is reserved for them, Id.34.19, cf. Lycurg.130; δυοῖν κινδύνοιν -κειμένοιν ibid.;

    ὁρᾶν τὸν θάνατον ὑποκείμενον PPetr.3p.73

     (iii B. C.);

    φόβου ὑποκειμένου ὅτι οἴσει τι βέβαιον παρὰ σοῦ PSI4.380.3

     (iii B. C.);

    τοῦτο καὶ τοῖς μηθὲν ἀσεβὲς ἐπιτελεσαμένοις κατὰ τοὺς τοῦ πολέμου νόμους ὑπόκειται παθεῖν Plb.2.58.10

    .
    5 to be subject to, submit to,

    τῷ ἄρχοντι Pl.Grg. 510c

    ;

    βασιλεῖ Philostr. VA3.20

    ;

    πατράσιν POxy. 237 vii 16

     (ii A. D.);

    ἐξετάσεσιν PFlor.33.14

     (iv A. D.);

    βασάνοις POxy.58.25

     (iii A. D.): abs., pay court to one,

    ὑποκείσονται δεόμενοι καὶ τιμῶντες Pl.R. 494c

    ; τῷ λόγῳ to be captivated by the story, Philostr.VA6.14;

    θρῆνοι -κείμενοι

     subdued,

    Id.VS2.4.2

    .
    6 to be subject to, liable to a penalty, Supp.Epigr.6.424, cf. 415,421, al. ([place name] Iconium), PLond.1.77.53 (vi A. D.): also c. acc.,

    ὑποκείσεται τῷ φίσκῳ δηνάρια πεντακόσια Rev.Phil.36.61

     ([place name] Iconium).
    7 to be pledged or mortgaged, c. gen., for a certain sum, Is.6.33, D.49.11,35;

    ναῦς ὑποκειμένη ἡμῖν Id.56.4

    ; τὰ ὑποκείμενα the articles pledged, Syngr. ap.D.35.12; the mortgaged property, SIG1044.28 (Halic., iv/iii B. C.);

    ἐνέχυρα-κείμενα IG12(7).58

     ([place name] Amorgos); ὑποκείμενοι, of slaves pledged for a sum of money, D.27.9.
    b of payments, to have been granted or allocated, ἀποφαίνουσιν ὑποκεῖσθαι ἐν τῇ γραφῇ τῶν εἰς τὰ ἱερὰ (sc. ὑποκειμένων)

    δίδοσθαι κτλ. UPZ21.4

     (ii B. C.), cf. 23.21 (ii B. C.), BGU 1197.4, 1200.28 (both i B. C.): Subst. ὑποκείμενα, τά, = φιλάνθρωπα, salary ( ear-marked proceeds of taxes),

    τὰ ἐπιβάλλοντά μοι ἐκ τοῦ ἱεροῦ ὑ. PLond.2.357.9

    , cf. 5 (i A. D.);

    ὑ. αἰτεῖ ἀπὸ τῶν κωμῶν BGU23.12

     (ii/iii A. D.), cf. OGI665.19,26 (Egypt, i A. D.): c. dat., as part of name of specific taxes,

    ὑ. βασιλικῇ γραμματείᾳ

     ear-marked for the benefit of..,

    PPar.17.22

     (ii A. D.);

    ὑ. τοπογραμματείᾳ PSI1.101.18

     (ii A. D.), cf. POxy.1436.23 (ii A. D.), etc.: also in sg.,

    ὑποκείμενον ἐπιστρατηγία BGU 199.14

     (ii A. D.), cf. PFlor.375.22 (ii A. D.), etc.: also c. gen.,

    ὑ. ἐννομίου PRyl.213.72

    , al. (ii A. D.); τοπαρχίας ib.73, etc.
    8 in Philosophy, to underlie, as the foundation in which something else inheres, to be implied or presupposed by something else,

    ἑκάστῳ τῶν ὀνομάτων.. ὑ. τις ἴδιος οὐσία Pl.Prt. 349b

    , cf. Cra. 422d, R. 581c, Ti.Locr.97e: τὸ ὑποκείμενον has three main applications: (1) to the matter which underlies the form, opp. εἶδος, ἐντελέχεια, Arist.Metaph. 983a30; (2) to the substance (matter + form) which underlies the accidents, opp. πάθη, συμβεβηκότα, Id.Cat. 1a20,27, Metaph. 1037b16, 983b16; (3) to the logical subject to which attributes are ascribed, opp. τὸ κατηγορούμενον, Id.Cat. 1b10,21, Ph. 189a31: applications (1 ) and (2 ) are distinguished in Id.Metaph. 1038b5, 1029a1-5, 1042a26-31: τὸ ὑ. is occasionally used of what underlies or is presupposed in some other way, e. g. of the positive termini presupposed by change, Id.Ph. 225a3-7.
    b exist, τὸ ἐκτὸς ὑποκείμενον the external reality, Stoic.2.48, cf. Epicur.Ep.1pp.12,24 U.;

    φῶς εἶναι τὸ χρῶμα τοῖς ὑ. ἐπιπῖπτον Aristarch.

     Sam. ap. Placit.1.15.5;

    τὸ κρῖνον τί τε φαίνεται μόνον καὶ τί σὺν τῷ φαίνεσθαι ἔτι καὶ κατ' ἀλήθειαν ὑπόκειται S.E.M.7.143

    , cf. 83,90,91, 10.240; = ὑπάρχω, τὰ ὑποκείμενα πράγματα the existing state of affairs, Plb.11.28.2, cf. 11.29.1, 15.8.11,13, 3.31.6, Eun.VSp.474 B.;

    Τίτος ἐξ ὑποκειμένων ἐνίκα, χρώμενος ὁπλις μοῖς καὶ τάξεσιν αἷς παρέλαβε Plu.Comp.Phil.Flam.2

    ;

    τῆς αὐτῆς δυνάμεως ὑποκειμένης Id.2.336b

    ;

    ἐχομένου τοῦ προσιόντος λόγου ὡς πρὸς τὸν ὑποκείμενον A.D.Synt.122.17

    .
    c ὁ ὑ. ἐνιαυτός the year in question, D.S.11.75; οἱ ὑ. καιροί the time in question, Id.16.40, Plb.2.63.6, cf. Plu.Comp.Sol.Publ.4; τοῦ ὑ. μηνός the current month, PTeb.14.14 (ii B. C.), al.; ἐκ τοῦ ὑ. φόρου in return for a reduction from the said rent, PCair.Zen.649.18 (iii B. C.); πρὸς τὸ ὑ. νόει according to the context, Gp.6.11.7.
    9 in logical arrangement, to be subject or subordinate,

    τῇ.. ἰατρικῇ.. ἡ ὀψοποιικὴ.. ὑ. Pl. Grg. 465b

    ;

    ὁ τὴν καθόλου ἐπιστήμην ἔχων οἶδέ πως πάντα τὰ ὑποκείμενα Arist.Metaph. 982a23

    , cf. APo. 91a11;

    ἑκάστη [τέχνη] περὶ τὸ αὐτῇ ὑ. ἐστι διδασκαλική Id.Rh. 1355b28

    .
    b ἡ ὑ. ὕλη the subject-matter of a science or treatise, Id.EN 1094b12, 1098a28, Phld.Po.Herc.1676.3 (pl.); τὸ ὑ. the part affected by a disease, Plb.1.81.6.
    III trans., = ὑποτέθειμαι, I have appended,

    ὧν τὸ καθ' ἓν ὑπόκειμαι PTeb. 140

     (i B. C.); cf. παράκειμαι ([place name] Addenda).

    Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > ὑπόκειμαι

  • 2 प्रति _prati

    प्रति ind.
    1 As a prefix to verbs it means (a) towards, in the direction of; (b) back, in return, again; तष्ठेदानीं न मे जीवन् प्रतियास्यसि दुर्मते Rām.7.18.13; (c) in opposition to, against, counter; (d) upon, down upon; (see the several roots with this preposition).
    -2 As a prefix to nouns not directly derived from verbs it means (a) likeness, resemblance, equality; (b) opposite, of the opposite side; प्रतिबल Ve.3.5. 'the opposing force'; so प्रतिद्विपाः Mu.2.13; (c) rivalry; as in प्रतिचन्द्रः 'a rival moon'; प्रतिपुरुषः &c.
    -3 As a separable preposition (with acc.) it means (a) towards, in the direction of, to; तौ दम्पती स्वां प्रति राजधानीं प्रस्थापयामास वशी वसिष्ठः R.2.7;1. 75; प्रत्यनिलं विचेरु Ku.3.31; वृक्षं प्रति विद्योतते विद्युत् Sk.; (b) against, counter, in opposition to, opposite; तदा यायाद् रिपुं प्रति Ms.7.171; प्रदुदुवुस्तं प्रति राक्षसेन्द्रम् Rām.; ययावजः प्रत्यरिसैन्यमेव R.7.55; (c) in comparison with, on a par with, in proportion to, a match for; त्वं सहस्राणि प्रति Ṛv.2.1.8; (d) near, in the vicinity of, by, at, in, on; समासेदुस्ततो गङ्गां शृङ्गवेरपुरं प्रति Rām.; गङ्गां प्रति; (e) at the time, about, during; आदित्यस्योदयं प्रति Mb; फाल्गुनं वाथ चैत्रं वा मासौ प्रति Ms.7.182; (f) on the side of, in favour of, to the lot of; यदत्र मां प्रति स्यात् Sk.; हरं प्रति हलाहलं (अभवत्) Vop.; (g) in each, in or at every, severally (used in a distributive sense); वर्षं प्रति, प्रतिवर्षम्; यज्ञं प्रति Y.1.11; वृक्षं वृक्षं प्रति सिञ्चति Sk.; (h) with regard or reference to, in relation to, regarding, concerning, about, as to; न हि मे संशीतिरस्या दिव्यतां प्रति K.132; चन्द्रोपरागं प्रति तु केनापि विप्रलब्धासि Mu.1; धर्मं प्रति Ś.5.18; मन्दौत्सुक्यो$स्मि नगरगमनं प्रति Ś.1; Ku.6.27; 7.83; त्वयैकमीशं प्रति साधु भाषितम् 5.81; Y.1.218; R.6. 12;1.29;12.51; (i) according to, in conformity with; मां प्रति in my opinion; (j) before, in the presence of; (k) for, on account of.
    -4 As a separable preposi- tion (with abl.) it means either (a) a representative of, in place of, instead of; प्रद्युम्नः कृष्णात् प्रति Sk.; संग्रामे यो नारायणतः प्रति Bk.8.89; or (b) in exchange or return for; तिलेभ्यः प्रति यच्छति माषान् Sk.; भक्तेः प्रत्यमृतं शंभोः Vop.
    -5 As the first member of Avyayībhāva compound it usually means (a) in or at every; as प्रतिसंवत्सरम् 'every year', प्रतिक्षणम्, प्रत्यहम् &c.; (b) towards, in the direction of; प्रत्यग्नि शलभा डयन्ते.
    -6 प्रति is sometimes used as the last member of Avyayī. comp. in the sense of 'a little'; सूपप्रति, शाकप्रति. [ Note:-- In the com- pounds given below all words the second members of which are words not immediately connected with verbs, are included; other words will be found in their proper places.]
    -Comp. -अंशम् ind. on the shoulders.
    -अक्षरम् ind. in every syllable or letter; प्रत्यक्षरश्लेषमयप्रबन्ध Vās.
    -अग्नि ind. towards the fire.
    -अग्र = प्रत्यग्र q. v.
    -अङ्गम् 1 a secondary or minor limb (of the body), as the nose.
    -2 a division, chapter, section.
    -3 every limb.
    -4 a weapon. (
    -ङ्गम्) ind.
    1 on or at every limb of the body; as in प्रत्यङ्ग- मालिङ्गितः Gīt.1.
    -2 for every subdivision.
    -3 in each case (in grammar).
    -अधिदेवता a tutelary deity who stays in front or near one; Hch.
    -अधिष्ठानम्, -आधानम् the principal place of residence; Bṛi. Up.2.2.1.
    -2 repository.
    -अनन्तर a.
    1 being in immediate neigh- bourhood; दानमानादिसत्कारैः कुरुष्व प्रत्यनन्तरम् Rām.4.15.27. (com. प्रत्यनन्तरं स्वाधीनम्).
    -2 standing nearest (as an heir).
    -3 immediately following, closely connected with; जीवेत् क्षत्रियधर्मेण स ह्यस्य (ब्राह्मणस्य) प्रत्यनन्तरः; Ms.1. 82;8.185. (
    -रम्) ind.
    1 immediately after.
    -2 next in succession.
    -रीभू to betake oneself close to; P. R.
    -अनिलम् ind. towards or against the wind.
    -अनीक a
    1 hostile, opposed, inimical.
    -2 resisting, opposing.
    -3 opposite.
    -4 equal, vying with. (
    -कः) an enemy.
    (-कम्) 1 hostility, enmity, hostile attitude or position; न शक्ताः प्रत्यनीकेषु स्थातुं मम सुरासुराः Rām.
    -2 a hostile army; यस्य शूरा महेष्वासाः प्रत्यनीकगता रणे Mb.; ये$वस्थिताः प्रत्यनीकेषु योधाः Bg.11.32. (प्र˚ may have here sense 1 also).
    -3 (in Rhet.) a figure of speech in which one tries to injure a person or thing connected with an enemy who himself cannot be injured; प्रतिपक्षमशक्तेन प्रतिकर्तुं तिरस्क्रिया । या तदीयस्य तत्स्तुत्यै प्रत्यनीकं तदुच्यते K. P.1.
    -अनुप्रासः a kind of alliteration.
    -अनुमानम् an opposite conclusion.
    -अन्त a. contiguous, lying close to, adjacent, bordering.
    (-न्तः) 1 a border, frontier; स गुप्तमूलप्रत्यन्तः R.4.26.
    -2 a bordering country; especi- ally, a country occupied by barbarian or Mlechchhas. ˚देशः a bordering country. ˚पर्वतः an adjacent hill; पादाः प्रत्यन्तपर्वताः Ak.
    -अन्धकार a. spreading shadow; Buddh.
    -अपकारः retaliation, injury in return; शाम्येत् प्रत्यप- कारेण नोपकारेण दुर्जनः Ku.2.4.
    -अब्दम् ind. every year
    -अमित्र a. hostile. (
    -त्रः) an enemy. (
    -त्रम्) ind. towards as enemy.
    -अरिः 1 a well-matched opponent.
    -2 the 9th, 14th or 23rd asterism from the जन्मनक्षत्र.
    -3 a particular asterism; दारुणेषु च सर्वेषु प्रत्यरिं च विवर्जयेत् Mb.13.14.28 (com. प्रत्यरिं स्वनक्षत्राद् दिननक्षत्रं यावद् गणयित्वा नवभिर्भागे हृते पञ्चमी तारा प्रत्यरिः ।).
    -अर्कः a mock sun; parhelion.
    -अर्गलम् the rope by which a churning stick is moved.
    -अवयवम् ind.
    1 in every limb.
    -2 in every particular, in detail.
    1 lower, less honoured; पुरावरान् प्रत्यवरान् गरीयसः Mb.13.94.12.
    -2 very low or degrading, very insignificant; Ms.1.19.
    -अश्मन् m. red chalk.
    -अष्ठीला a kind of nervous disease.
    -अहम् ind. every day, daily; day by day; गिरिशमुपचचार प्रत्यहं सा सुकेशी Ku.1.6.
    -आकारः a scabbard, sheath.
    -आघातः 1 a counter-stroke.
    -2 reaction.
    -आचारः suitable conduct or behaviour.
    -आत्मम् ind. singly, severally.
    -आत्मक a. belonging to oneself.
    -आत्म्यम् similarity with oneself.
    -आत्मेन ind. after one's own image; स किंनरान् कुंपुरुषान् प्रत्यात्म्येना- सृजत् प्रभुः Bhāg.3.2.45.
    -आदित्यः a mock sun.
    -आरम्भः 1 recommencement, second beginning.
    -2 pro- hibition.
    -आर्द्र a. fresh.
    -आशा 1 hope, expectation; न यत्र प्रत्याशामनुपतति नो वा रहयति Māl.9.8.
    -2 trust, con- fidence.
    -आसङ्गः Connection, contact; अथ प्रत्यासङ्गः कमपि महिमानं वितरति Mv.1.12.
    -आस्वर 1 returning.
    -2 reflecting; Ch.Up.1.3.2.
    -आह्वयः echo, resonance; छाया प्रत्याह्वयाभासा ह्यसन्तो$प्यर्थकारिणः Bhāg.11.28.5.
    -उत्तरम् a reply, rejoinder.
    -उलूकः 1 a crow; मृत्युदूतः कपोतो$यमुलूकः कम्पयन्मनः । प्रत्युलूकश्च कुह्वानैरनिद्रौ शून्यमिच्छतः ॥ Bhāg.1.14.14.
    -2 a bird resembling an owl.
    -ऋचम् ind. in each Rik.
    -एक a. each, each one, every single one. (
    -कम्) ind.
    1 one at a time, severally; singly, in every one, to every one; oft. with the force of an adjective; विवेश दण्डकारण्यं प्रत्येकं च सतां मनः R.12.9. 'entered the mind of every good man'; 12.3;7.34; Ku.2.31.
    -एनस् m.
    1 an officer of justice (who punishes criminals); Bṛi. Up.4.3.7.
    -2 a heir responsible for the debts of the deceased; surety.
    -कञ्चुकः 1 an adversary.
    -2 a critic.
    -कण्ठम् ind.
    1 severally, one by one.
    -2 near the throat.
    -कलम् ind. constantly, perpetually.
    -कश a. not obeying the whip.
    -कष्ट a. comparatively bad.
    -कामिनी a female rival; Śi.
    -कायः 1 an effigy, image, picture, likeness.
    -2 an adversary; स वृषध्वजसायकावभिन्नं जयहेतुः प्रतिकाय- मेषणीयम् Ki.13.28.
    -3 a target, butt, mark.
    -कितवः an opponent in a game.
    -कुञ्जरः a hostile elephant.
    -कूपः a moat, ditch.
    -कूल a.
    1 unfavourable, adverse, contrary, hostile, opposite, प्रतिकूलतामुपगते हि विधौ विफलत्व- मेति बहुसाधनता Śi.9.6; Ku.3.24.
    -2 harsh, discordant. unpleasant, disagreeable; अप्यन्नपुष्टा प्रतिकूलशब्दा Ku.1. 45.
    -3 inauspicious.
    -4 contradictory.
    -5 reverse, inverted.
    -6 perverse, cross, peevish, stubborn. ˚आचार- णम्, ˚आचरितम् any offensive or hostile action or conduct; प्रतिकूलाचरितं क्षमख मे R.8.81. ˚उक्तम्, -क्तिः f. a contra- diction. ˚कारिन्, -कृत, -चारिन्, -वत्ति a. opposing. ˚दर्शन a. having an inauspicious or ungracious appearance. ˚प्रवर्तिन्, -वर्तिन् a. acting adversely, taking an adverse course. ˚भाषिन् a. opposing, contradicting. ˚वचनम् dis- agreeable or unpleasant speech. ˚वादः contradiction. (प्रतिकूलता, -त्वम् adverseness, opposition, hostility. प्रति- कूलयति 'to oppose'.).
    -कूल ind.
    1 adversely, contrarily.
    -2 inversely, in inverted order.
    -कूलय Den. P. to resist, oppose.
    -कूलिक a. hostile, inimical.
    -क्षणम् ind. at every moment or instant, constantly; प्रतिक्षणं संभ्रमलोलदृष्टि- र्लीलारविन्देन निवारयन्ती Ku.3.56.
    -क्षपम् ind. everynight.
    -गजः a hostile elephant
    -गात्रम् ind. in very limb.
    -गिरिः 1 an opposite mountain.
    -2 an inferior mountain.
    -गृहम्, -गेहम् ind. in every house.
    -ग्रामम् ind. in every village.
    -चक्रम् a hostile army.
    -चन्द्रः a mock moon; paraselene.
    -चरणम् ind.
    1 in every (Vedic) school or branch.
    -2 at every foot-step.
    -छाया, -यिका 1 a reflected image, reflection, shadow; रूपं प्रतिच्छायिक- योपनीतम् N.6.45.
    -2 an image, picture.
    -जङ्घा the forepart of the leg.
    -जिह्वा, -जिह्विका the soft palate,
    -तन्त्रम् ind. according to each Tantra or opinion.
    -तन्त्र- सिद्धान्तः a conclusion adopted by one of the disputants only; (वादिप्रतिवाद्येकतरमात्राभ्युपगतः).
    -त्र्यहम् ind. for three days at a time.
    -दण्ड a. Ved. disobedient.
    -दिनम् ind. every day; राशीभूतः प्रतिदिनमिव त्र्यम्बकस्याट्टहासः Me.6.
    -दिशम् ind. in every direction, all round, every- where.
    -दूतः a messenger sent in return.
    -देवता a corresponding deity; गताः कलाः पञ्चदश प्रतिष्ठा देवाश्च सर्वे प्रतिदेवतासु Muṇḍa.3.2.7.
    -देशम् ind. in every country.
    -देहम् ind. in every body.
    -दैवतम् ind. for every deity.
    -द्वन्द्वः 1 an antagonist, opponent, adversary, rival.
    -2 an enemy. (
    -द्वम्) opposition, hostility.
    -द्वन्द्विन् a.
    1 hostile, inimical.
    -2 adverse (प्रतिकूल); कृतान्तदुर्वृत्त इवापरेषां पुरः प्रतिद्वन्द्विनि पाण्डवास्त्रे Ki.16.29.
    -3 rivalling, vying with; किसलयोद्भेदप्रतिद्वन्दिभिः (करतलैः) Ś.4.5. (-m.) an opponent, adversary, rival; तुल्यप्रति- द्वन्द्वि बभूव युद्धम् R.7.37.;15.25.
    -द्वारम् ind. at every gate.
    -धुरः a horse harnessed by the side of another.
    -नप्तृ m. great-grandson, a son's grandson.
    -नव a.
    1 new, young, fresh.
    -2 newly blown budded; सान्ध्यं तेजः प्रतिनवजपापुष्परक्तं दधानः Me.38.
    -नाडी a branch-vein.
    -नायकः the adversary of the hero of any poetic com- position; धीरोद्धतः पापकारी व्यसनी प्रतिनायकः S. D., as रावण in the Rāmāyaṇa, शिशुपाल in Māgha-Kāvya &c.
    -नारी, -पत्नी, -युवतिः a female rival; Śi.7.45.
    -निनादः = प्रतिध्वनिः q. v.
    -न्यायम् ind. in inverted order; पुनः प्रतिन्यायं प्रतियोन्याद्रवति स्वप्नायैव Bṛi. Up.4.3.15.
    -पक्ष a. like, similar.
    (-क्षः) 1 the opposite side, party or faction, hostility; विमृश्य पक्षप्रतिपक्षाभ्यामवधारणं नियमः Gaut. S,
    -2 an adversary, enemy, foe, rival; प्रति- पक्षकामिनी, -लक्ष्मी 'a rival wife'; Bv.2.64; दासीकृतायाः प्रति- पक्षलक्ष्याः Vikr.1.73; प्रतिपक्षमशक्तेन प्रतिकर्तुम् K. P.1; Vikr.1.7; often used in comp. in the sense of 'equal' or 'similar'.
    -3 remedy, expiation; यादवस्य पापस्य प्रतिपक्षमुपदिशामि Nāg.5.
    -4 a defendant or respondent (in law). ˚ता
    1 hostility, opposition.
    -2 obstacle.
    -पक्षित a.
    1 containing a contradiction.
    -2 nullified by a contradictory premise; (as a hetu in न्याय); cf. सत्प्रतिपक्ष.
    -पक्षिन् m. an opponent, adversary.
    -पण्यम् merchandise in exchange; Buddh.
    -प्रथम् ind. along the road, towards the way; प्रतिपथगतिरासीद् वेगदीर्घीकृताङ्गः Ku.3.76.
    -पदम् ind.
    1 at evry stop.
    -2 at every place, everywhere.
    -3 expressly.
    -4 in every word; प्रतिपदाख्याने तु गौरवं परिहरद्भिर्वृत्तिकारैः सर्वसामान्यः शब्दः प्रति- गृहीतः प्रकृतिवदिति ŚB. on MS.8.1.2.
    -पल्लवः an opposite or outstretched branch; R.
    -पाणः 1 a stake.
    -2 a counter-pledge.
    -3 a counter-stake; Mb.3.
    -पादम् ind. in each quarter.
    -पात्रम् ind. with regard to each part, of each character; प्रतिपात्रमाधीयतां यत्नः Ś.1 'let care be taken of each character'.
    -पादपम् ind. in every tree.
    -पाप a. returning sin for sin, requiting evil for evil.
    -पु(पू)रुषः 1 a like or similar man.
    -2 a substitute, deputy.
    -3 a companion.
    -4 the effigy of a man pushed by thieves into the interior of a house before entering it themselves (to ascertain if any body is awake).
    -5 an effigy in general. (
    -षम्) ind. man by man, for each man.
    -पुस्तकम् a copy of an original manuscript.
    -पूर्वाह्णम् ind. every forenoon.
    -प्रति a. counter-balancing, equal to.
    -प्रभातम् ind. every morning.
    -प्रसवः 1 (As opposed to अनुप्रसव) tracing causes back to the origin as -- a pot, a lump of mud, mud, clay, Pātañjala Yogadarśana.
    -2 Negation of (or exception to) a negation. The force of a प्रतिप्रसव is positive, limiting as it does the scope of a प्रतिषेध or negation. Hence it is just the opposite of परिसंख्या whose force is negative or exclusive since it limits the scope of a positive statement. प्रतिप्रसवो$यं न परिसंख्या ŚB. on MS.1.7.45.
    -प्रकारः an outer wall or rampart.
    -प्रियम् a kindness or service in return; प्रतिप्रियं चेद् भवतो न कुर्यां वृथा हि मे स्यात् स्वपदोपलब्धिः R.5.56.
    -बन्धुः an equal in rank or station; Mb.5.121.13.
    -बलः a.
    1 able, powerful.
    -2 equal in strength, equally matched or powerful.
    (-लम्) 1 a hostile army; अस्त्रज्वालावलीढप्रतिबलजलधेरन्तरौर्वायमाणे Ve.3.7.
    -2 strength.
    -बाहु 1 the forepart of the arm.
    -2 an opposite side (in a square or polygon).
    -बि (वि) म्बः, -म्बम् 1 a reflection, reflected image; ज्योतिषां प्रतिबिम्बानि प्राप्नु- वन्त्युपहारताम् Ku.6.42; Śi.9.18.
    -2 an image, a picture.
    -बीजम् a rotten seed.
    -भट a. vying with, rivalling; घटप्रतिभटस्तनि N.13.5.
    (-टः) 1 a rival, an opponent; निवासः कन्दर्पप्रतिभटजटाजूटभवने G. L.21.
    -2 a warrior on the opposite side; समालोक्याजौ त्वां विदधति विकल्पान् प्रतिभटाः K. P.1.
    -भय a.
    1 fearful, formidable, terrible, frightful.
    -2 dangerous; स्वगृहोद्यानगते$पि स्निग्धैः पापं विशङ्क्यते मोहात् । किमु दृष्टबह्वपायप्रतिभयकान्तारमध्यस्थे ॥ Pt.2.171; Nāg.5.1.; Bhāg.1.6.14. (
    -यम्) a danger; सुनन्द, श्रुतं मया संनिहितगरुडप्रतिभयमुद्देशं जामाता जीमूतवाहनो गतः Nāg.5.
    -भैरव a. dreadful.
    -मञ्चः a kind of measure (in music.)
    -मञ्चाः Platforms opposite to each other; दशभागिकौ द्वौ प्रतिमञ्चौ Kau. A.2.3.21.
    -मण्डलम् 1 a secondary disc (of the sun &c.).
    -2 an eccentric orbit.
    -मन्दिरम् ind. in every house.
    -मल्लः an antagonist, a rival; उपेयिवांसं प्रतिमल्लतां रयस्मये जितस्य प्रसभं गरुत्मतः N.1.63; पातालप्रतिमल्लगल्ल &c. Māl.5.22.
    -मानना worship (पूजा); स्पर्शमशुचिवपुरर्हति न प्रतिमाननां तु नितरां नृपोचिताम् Śi.15.35.
    -माया a counter-spell or charm; प्रतिमाया कृतं च तत् Mb.1.34.22.
    -मार्गः the way back; Mb.4.
    -मार्गम् ind. back, back- wards.
    -माला capping verses (Mar. भंडी).
    -मासम् ind. every month, monthly.
    -मित्रम् an enemy, adversary.
    -मुख a. standing before the face, facing; प्रतिमुखागत Ms.8.291.
    -2 near, present. (
    -खम्) a secondary plot or incident in a drama which tends either to hasten or retard the catastrophe; see S. D.334 and 351-364. (
    -खम्) ind.
    1 towards.
    -2 in front, before.
    -मुखरी a particular mode of drumming.
    -मुद्रा 1 a counter- seal.
    -2 the impression of a seal.
    -मुहूर्तम् ind. every moment.
    -मूर्तिः f. an image, a likeness.
    -मूषिका f. a musk-rat (Mar. चिचुंदरी).
    -यूथपः the leader of a hostile herd of elephants.
    -रथः an adversary in war (lit. in fighting in a war-chariot); दौष्यन्तिमप्रतिरथं तनयं निवेश्य Ś.4.2.
    -रथ्यम् in every road; अस्मिन् नगरे प्रतिरथ्यं भुजङ्गबद्धसंचारे Udb.
    -रवः, -ध्वनिः 1 an echo; प्रतिरवविततो वनानि चक्रे Ki.1.4.
    -2 quarrel; controversy.
    -3 (Ved.) life (प्राण).
    -रसितम् an echo; केनास्मत् सिंह- नादप्रतिरसितसखो दुन्दुभिस्ताड्यते$यम् Ve.1.22.
    -राजः a hostile king.
    -रात्रम् ind. every night.
    -रूप a.
    1 corresponding, similar, having a counter-part in; अग्निर्यथैको भुवनं प्रविष्टो रूपं रूपं प्रतिरूपो बभूव Kaṭh.2.2.9.
    -2 beautiful.
    -3 suitable, proper; इदं न प्रतिरूपं ते स्त्रीष्वदाक्षिण्यमीदृशम् Bu. Ch.4.66; आत्मनः प्रतिरूपं सा बभाषे चारुहासिनी Rām.4. 19.17.
    -4 facing (अभिमुख); प्रतिरूपं जनं कुर्यान्न चेत् तद् वर्तते यथा Mb.12.97.16 (com. प्रतिरूपं युद्धाभिमुखम्).
    (-पम्) 1 a picture, an image, a likeness.
    -2 a mirror-like reflecting object; अदर्शनं स्वशिरसः प्रतिरूपे च सत्यपि Bhāg. 1.42.28.
    -4 an object of comparison (उपमान); भवान्मे खलु भक्तानां सर्वेषां प्रतिरूपधृक् Bhāg.7.1.21.
    -रूपक a. resembling, similar (at the end of comp.); जहीमान् राक्षसान् पापानात्मनः प्रतिरूपकान् Mb.3.29.11; चेष्टाप्रतिरूपिका मनोवृत्तिः Ś.1.
    (-कम्) 1 a picture, an image; अग्निदैर्गर- दैश्चैव प्रतिरूपककारकैः Mb.12.59.49.
    -2 a forged edict; जर्जरं चास्य विषयं कुर्वन्ति प्रतिरूपकैः Mb.12.56.52.
    -3 a reflec- tion.
    -लक्षणम् a mark, sign, token.
    -लिपिः f. a tran- script, a written copy.
    -लेखः a writ of reply; प्रावृत्तिकश्च प्रतिलेख एव Kau. A.2.1.28.
    -लोम a.
    1 'against the hair or grain', contray to the natural order, inverted, reverse (opp. अनुलोम); नववर्षसहस्राक्षः प्रतिलोमो$भवद् गुरुः Bhāg.12.14.15.
    -2 contrary to caste (said of the issue of a woman who is of a higher caste than her husband).
    -3 hostile.
    -4 low, vile, base.
    -5 left (वाम).
    -6 obstinate, perverse; अपरिचितस्यापि ते$प्रतिलोमः संवृत्तः Ś.7.
    -7 disagreeable, unpleasant. (
    -मम्) any injurious or unpleasant act. (
    -मम्) ind. 'against the hair or grain', inversely, invertedly. ˚ज a. born in the inverse order of the castes; i. e. born of a mother who is of a higher caste than the father; cf. Ms.1.16,25.
    -लोमक a. reverse, inverted; राजन्यविप्रयोः कस्माद् विवाहः प्रतिलोमकः Bhāg.9.18.5.
    -कम् inverted order.
    -लोमतः ind.
    1 in consequence of the inverted order or course; Ms.1.68.
    -2 in an unfriendly manner; यदा बहुविधां वृद्धिं मन्येत प्रतिलोमतः Mb.12.13.39.
    -वत्सरम् ind. every year.
    -वनम् ind. in every forest.
    -वर्णिक a. similar, corresponding.
    -वर्धिन् a. being a match for.
    -वर्षम् ind. every year.
    -वस्तु n.
    1 an equivalent, a counter- part.
    -2 anything given in return.
    -3 a parallel. ˚उपमा a figure of speech thus defined by Mammaṭa:-- प्रतिवस्तूपमा तु सा ॥ सामान्यस्य द्विरेकस्य यत्र वाक्यद्वये स्थितिः । K. P.1; e. g. तापेन भ्राजते सूर्यः शूरश्चापेन राजते Chandr.5. 48.
    -वातः a contrary wind; प्रतिवाते$नुवाते च नासीत गुरुणा सह Ms.2.23. (
    -तम्) ind. against the wind; चीनांशुक- मिव केतोः प्रतिवातं नीयमानस्य Ś.1.33.
    -वारणः a hostile elephant.
    -वासरम् ind. every day.
    -विटपम् ind.
    1 on every branch.
    -2 branch by branch.
    -विषम् an anti- dote. (
    -षा) a birch tree.
    -विष्णुकः a Muchakunda tree.
    -वीरः an opponent, antagonist.
    -वीर्यम् being equal to or a match for.
    -वृषः a hostile bull.
    -वेलम् ind. at each time, on every occasion.
    -वेशः 1 a neighbouring house, neighbourhood.
    -2 a neighbour.
    -वेशिन् a. a neigh- bour; दृष्ट्वा प्रभातसमये प्रतिवेशिवर्गः Mk.3.14.
    -वेश्मन् n. a neighbour's house.
    -वेश्यः a neighbour.
    -वैरम् re- quital of hostilities revenge.
    -शब्दः 1 echo, reverbera- tion; वसुधाधरकन्दराभिसर्पी प्रतिशब्दो$पि हरेर्भिनत्ति नागान् V. 1.16; Ku.6.64; R.2.28.
    -2 a roar.
    -शशिन् m. a mock-moon.
    -शाखम् ind. for every branch or school (of the Veda).
    -शाखा a side-branch; महाभूतविशेषश्च विशेषप्रतिशाखवान् Mb.14.35.21.
    -संवत्सरम् ind. every year.
    -सङ्गक्षिका 1 a cloak to keep off the dust; Buddh.
    -संदेशः a reply to the message; दर्पसारस्य प्रति- संदेशमावेदयत् D. K.2.1.
    -सम a. equal to, a match for.
    -सव्य a. in an inverted order.
    -सामन्तः an enemy.
    -सायम् ind. every evening.
    -सूर्यः, -सूर्यकः 1 a mock-sun.
    -2 a lizard, chameleon; 'कृकलासस्तु सरटः प्रतिसूर्यः शयानकः ।' Hemchandra; तृष्यद्भिः प्रतिसूर्यकैरजगरस्वेदद्रवः पीयते U.2.16.
    -सेना, सैन्यम् a hostile army; निहतां प्रतिसैन्येन वडवामिव पातिताम् Rām.2.114.17.
    -स्थानम् ind. in every place, everywhere.
    -स्मृतिः N. of parti- cular kind of magic; गृहाणेमां मया प्रोक्तां सिद्धिं मूर्तिमतीमिव । विद्यां प्रतिस्मृतिं नाम Mb.3.36.3.
    -स्रोतस् ind. against the stream; सरस्वतीं प्रतिस्रोतं ययौ ब्राह्मणसंवृतः Bhāg.1.78. 18. -a. going against the stream; अथासाद्य तु कालिन्दी प्रतिस्रोतः समागताम् Rām.2.55.5.
    -हस्तः, -हस्तकः a deputy, an agent, substitute, proxy; आश्रितानां भृतौ स्वामिसेवायां धर्मसेवने । पुत्रस्योत्पादने चैव न सन्ति प्रतिहस्तकाः ॥ H.2.33.
    -हस्तीकृ to take; Pratijñā 3.
    -हस्तिन् the keeper of a brothel; Dk.2.2.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्रति _prati

  • 3 НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

    1. internal arc-proof switchgear and controlgear assemblу
    2. arc-resistant switchgear
    3. arc-proof switchgear
    4. arc-proof switchboard
    5. arc-proof low voltage switchgear and controlgear assembly

     

    НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги
    комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    низковольтное комплектное устройство с защитой от электрической дуги
    НКУ распределения и управления с защитой от электрической дуги
    -
    [Интент]

    EN

    arc-resistant switchgear
    A type of switchgear design which is designed to withstand the effects of an internal arcing fault, without causing harm to personnel who are located in defined areas. It is not intended to withstand these internal arcing fault without possibly causing physical damage to the structure and/or components, but often the physical damage is less with an arc-resistant design.

    There are three classes of protection:
    Type A - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type B - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear during an internal arcing fault,
    Type C - eliminates the emission of gases and particles from the front and sides of the switchgear, from between compartments within the same cell, and between adjacent cells during an internal arcing fault.

    Arc-resistant switchgear has traditionally been metal-clad, but the basic concept could also be applied to other types of switchgear as well.

    arc-proof switchgear
    An incorrect term. Please refer to arc-resistant switchgear
    [Schneider Electric]
    [ http://electrical-engineering-portal.com/glossary-of-medium-voltage-switchgear-terms]

    Параллельные тексты EN-RU

    If the electric arc occurs inside LV switchgear it generates internal overpressures and results in local overheatings which may cause high mechanical and thermal stresses in the equipment.

    Besides, the involved materials can generate hot decomposition products, gases or fumes, which, due to the overpressure, are almost always ejected to the outside of the enclosure thus jeopardizing the operator safety.

    The European Directive 2006/95/EC states the fundamental safety requirements for low voltage electric materials (from 50 V to 1000 V in alternating current, from 75 V to 1500 V in continuos current) to be put on the market within the European Community.

    Among the essential safety requirements defined by this Directive particular importance is given to the need of taking technical measures to prevent “temperature rises, electric arcs or radiations which may result in hazards” from occurring.

    This aspect has always been highly considered for apparatus, but it has been wrongly neglected for electrical switchgear and only in the last 10-15 years it has been catching on both at Italian as well as at international level.

    Safety for the operator and for the installation in case of arcing inside LV switchgear can be obtained through three different design philosophies:
    1. assemblies mechanically capable of withstanding the electric arc (passive protection)
    2. assemblies equipped with devices limiting the effects of internal arcing (active protection)
    3. assemblies equipped with current limiting circuitbreakers.

    These three solutions (also combined together) have found a remakable development in the industrial field and have been successfully applied by the main manufacturers of LV switchgear and controlgear assemblies.

    As it can be seen hereafter by examining the first two solutions, an “active” protection against arc faults is intrinsecally more complex than a “passive” one.

    This because of the presence of additional electromechanical/ electronic devices5 which limit the arcing effects and which, by their nature, may be subject to faults or not-tripping.
    [ABB]

    Дуга, возникшая внутри НКУ, создает внутреннее избыточное давление и вызывает локальный перегрев, что может привести к воздействию на оборудование значительного механического напряжения и перепада температур.

    Кроме того, под воздействием дуги различные материалы разлагаются на продукты, имеющие высокую температуру, в том числе газы и дым, которые почти всегда вырываются из оболочки НКУ под высоким давлением, подвергая опасности оперативный персонал.

    Европейская директива 2006/95/EC определяет основные требования безопасности для низковольтного (от 50 до 1000 В переменного тока и от 75 до 1500 В постоянного тока) оборудования поставляемого на рынок Европейского Сообщества.

    Одно из основных требований безопасности, определяемое данной директивой как наиболее важное, заключается в необходимости предпринять технические меры для предотвращения "подъема температуры, возникновения электрической дуги или излучения", которые могут причинить ущерб.

    Данная проблема всегда учитывалась при создании различных аппаратов, но незаслуженно игнорировалась при разработке электрических комплектных устройств, и только в последние 10-15 лет ей стали уделять должное внимание как в Италии, так и во всем мире.

    При возникновении электрической дуги внутри НКУ безопасность оператора и электроустановки обеспечивается тремя способами:
    1. Конструкция НКУ должна выдерживать механические воздействия, возникающие при горении электрической дуги (пассивная защита).
    2. НКУ должно быть оснащено устройствами, ограничивающими воздействие электрической дуги (активная защита)
    3. НКУ должны быть оснащены токоограничивающими автоматическими выключателями.

    Указанные три способа (применяемые совместно) получили дальнейшее развитие в промышленности и успешно применяются основными изготовителями НКУ распределения и управления.

    Как будет показано далее при рассмотрении первых двух способов, активная защита от дуговых» неисправностей является более сложной, чем пассивная защита.

    Это объясняется необходимостью использования дополнительных электромеханических или электронных устройств, задачей которых является ограничение воздействий дуги и которые сами могут оказаться неисправными и не сработать.
    [Перевод Интент]

    Тематики

    • НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)

    Синонимы

    EN

    Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > НКУ с защитой от воздействия электрической дуги

  • 4 характеристика

    attribute, behavior, characteristic, description, performance diagram, parameter, pattern, property, quality, rating, response, ( объекта) signature
    * * *
    характери́стика ж.
    1. characteristic; ( машины) performance
    получа́ть характери́стику из уравне́ния [по уравне́нию] — generate a characteristic by an equation
    снима́ть характери́стику — measure a characteristic, measure a response
    стро́ить характери́стику — construct [plot] a characteristic
    стро́ить характери́стику, напр. в координа́тах Va — Ia — construct a curve of, e. g., Ia, against Va, plot, e. g., Ia, against Va
    характери́стика явля́ется нечё́тной — the characteristic has odd-function symmetry
    характери́стика явля́ется чё́тной — the characteristic has even-function symmetry
    снима́ть характери́стику по то́чкам — measure a characteristic by the point-by-point method
    3. (как определение понятия, явления, величины) characterization
    амплиту́дная характери́стика ( не путать с амплиту́дно-часто́тной характери́стикой) — amplitude(-ratio) characteristic (not to he confused with the amplitude response or the amplitude — vs. — frequency characteristic)
    амплиту́дно-часто́тная характери́стика
    2. ( изменение усиления или ослабления с частотой) (amplitude-)frequency response, amplitude response
    аналити́ческая характери́стика — analytical characteristic
    ано́дная характери́стика — брит. anode characteristic; амер. plate characteristic
    ано́дно-се́точная характери́стика — брит. mutual characteristic (of a plate); амер. transfer characteristic (of a plate)
    антидетонацио́нная характери́стика ( топлива) — antiknock rating
    аперту́рная характери́стика ( передающей телевизионной трубки) — resolution characteristic
    аэродинами́ческие характери́стики — aerodynamic characteristics, aerodynamics, aerodynamic data
    аэродинами́ческие, расчё́тные характери́стики — design aerodynamic characteristics
    ба́зовая характери́стика ( транзистора) — base characteristic
    баллисти́ческие характери́стики — ballistic characteristics
    характери́стика без нагру́зки — unloaded (no-load) characteristic
    безразме́рная характери́стика — dimensionless characteristic
    веберампе́рная характери́стика — flux-current characteristic
    характери́стика вентиля́тора — fan characteristic, fan performance curve
    характери́стика вентиля́тора, индивидуа́льная — individual fan characteristic
    характери́стика вентиля́тора, теорети́ческая — theoretic(al) fan characteristic
    характери́стика вентиля́тора, универса́льная — universal fan characteristic
    вентиляцио́нная характери́стика ( шахты) — ventilation characteristic
    взлё́тно-поса́дочные характери́стики — take-off and landing characteristics
    влагоразря́дная характери́стика — moisture discharge characteristic
    вне́шняя характери́стика — external characteristic
    возраста́ющая характери́стика ( вид кривой на графике) — upward (sloping part of a) characteristic (curve)
    вольт-ампе́рная характери́стика — volt-ampere [voltage-current] characteristic
    во́льтовая характери́стика ( фотоприёмника) — voltage characteristic
    характери́стика вре́мени сраба́тывания ( реле), [m2]зави́симая — dependent time-lag
    характери́стика вре́мени сраба́тывания ( реле), [m2]незави́симая — independent time-lag, definite (operating) time
    характери́стика вре́мени сраба́тывания ( реле), [m2]ограни́ченно зави́симая — inverse time with definite minimum, definite minimum inverse operating time
    временна́я характери́стика — time response
    времято́ковая характери́стика — current-time curve
    входна́я характери́стика — input characteristics
    высо́тные характери́стики — altitude characteristics
    выходна́я характери́стика — output characteristics
    гистере́зисная характери́стика — hysteresis characteristics
    графи́ческая характери́стика — characteristics curve
    характери́стика группирова́ния свз. — bunching characteristic
    характери́стики дви́гателя — engine performance
    дете́кторная характери́стика ( частотного детектора) — response curve, transfer characteristic (of a discriminator)
    детонацио́нная характери́стика ( топлива) — knock rating, knock value
    динами́ческая характери́стика
    1. dynamic characteristic; dynamic response
    2. авто performance curve
    дио́дная характери́стика — diode characteristic
    характери́стика добро́тности — Q characteristic
    жё́сткая характери́стика эл. — flat characteristic
    характери́стика зажига́ния — firm characteristic
    характери́стика запира́ния ( электронной лампы) — cut-off characteristic
    заря́дная характери́стика — charge characteristic
    характери́стика затуха́ния — attenuation characteristic
    идеализи́рованная характери́стика — idealized-characteristic
    характери́стика избира́тельности аргд., тлв. — selectivity characteristic
    калибро́вочная характери́стика — calibration curve; ( аналитическое выражение) calibration equation
    квадрати́чная характери́стика — square-law characteristic
    характери́стика квазиконфо́рмного отображе́ния мат. — dilatation ratio
    кинемати́ческая характери́стика — motion characteristic
    колё́сная характери́стика — system of wheels, arrangement of wheels, wheel arrangement
    колле́кторная характери́стика ( транзистора) — collector characteristic
    характери́стика коро́ткого замыка́ния — short-circuit characteristic
    коррозио́нная характери́стика — corrosion performance
    куло́н-во́льтная характери́стика — charge-voltage characteristic
    кусо́чно-лине́йная характери́стика — piecewise linear characteristic
    характери́стики ЛА в движе́нии кре́на ав. — roll(ing) characteristics
    характери́стики ЛА в движе́нии тангажа́ ав. — pitch(ing) characteristics
    лё́тные характери́стики — flight data, flight performance, flight characteristics
    лине́йная характери́стика — linear characteristic; linear response
    логарифми́ческая характери́стика — log-log characteristic
    магни́тная характери́стика — magnetic characteristic, B-H curve
    механи́ческая характери́стика — speed-torque characteristic
    характери́стика моде́ли, часто́тная аргд. — model response
    модуляцио́нная характери́стика — modulation [drive] characteristic
    мя́гкая характери́стика эл. — drooping characteristic
    нагру́зочная характери́стика — load characteristic
    характери́стика напра́вленности — directional characteristic, directivity pattern
    характери́стика нараста́ния перехо́дного проце́сса элк. — transient response
    характери́стика насо́са — pump [head-capacity] characteristic
    насыща́ющая характери́стика физ. — saturation characteristic
    характери́стика насыще́ния — saturation characteristic
    обра́тная характери́стика ( выпрямителя) — back characteristic; ( диода) reverse characteristic
    характери́стика отраже́ний от по́чвы рад. — ground echo pattern
    характери́стика отраже́ния зву́ка — echoing characteristic
    характери́стика «от све́та до све́та» тлв. — overall transfer characteristic
    па́дающая характери́стика эл. — drooping characteristic
    пассивацио́нная характери́стика ( металла) — passivation property
    перегру́зочная характери́стика — overload characteristic; ав. g-load curve
    характери́стика переда́чи тлв. — transfer characteristic
    характери́стика переда́чи полутоно́в тлв. — gray-tone [gray-half-tone] response
    характери́стика перекрыва́ющего разря́да эл. — flashover characteristic
    перехо́дная характери́стика — ( при любом возмущении) transient response; ( при единичном ступенчатом возмущении) unit-step (function) response
    характери́стика по зерка́льному кана́лу рад. — image response
    по́лная характери́стика — total characteristic
    поло́гая характери́стика — quiet (characteristic) curve
    полуто́новая характери́стика — half-tone characteristic
    характери́стика послесвече́ния — decay [persistence] characteristic
    характери́стика по сосе́днему кана́лу рад. — adjacent-channel response
    характери́стика пото́ка аргд. — flow conditions
    простра́нственно-часто́тная характери́стика — spatial frequency response
    характери́стика про́филя, аэродинами́ческая — airfoil characteristic
    пускова́я характери́стика — starting characteristic
    рабо́чая характери́стика — operating [working, performance] characteristic, performance (curve)
    характери́стика разго́на хим. — transient response
    размо́льная характери́стика (напр. угля) — grindability index
    характери́стика раке́тного то́плива — propellant performance
    расчё́тная характери́стика — estimated performance
    характери́стика реа́кции — response
    характери́стика реа́кции систе́мы авт. — ( аналитическое выражение) response (function) of a system; ( графическое представление) response (characteristic) of a system, response (curve) of a system
    характери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на едини́чное ступе́нчатое возмуще́ние авт. — unit-step (function) response of a system
    характери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на и́мпульсное возмуще́ние авт. — impulse(-function) response of a system
    характери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на лине́йно-возраста́ющее возмуще́ние авт. — ramp-function response of a system
    характери́стика реа́кции систе́мы на показа́тельное возмуще́ние авт.— exponential-function response of a system
    характери́стика регули́рования — control performance
    реологи́ческая характери́стика гидр. — flow characteristic
    светова́я характери́стика — опт. light characteristic; ( передающей ТВ трубки) light transfer characteristic
    характери́стика «свет — сигна́л» ( передающей ТВ трубки) — transfer characteristic
    се́риесная характери́стика эл. — series [rising] characteristic
    характери́стика се́ти тепл. — system head curve
    се́точная характери́стика элк. — grid characteristic
    се́точно-ано́дная характери́стика — inverse mutual [transfer, grid-plate, grid-anode] charactristic; ( по напряжению) control characteristic
    характери́стика «сигна́л — свет» ( приёмной трубки) — transfer characteristic
    характери́стика систе́мы, амплиту́дно-фа́зовая ( годограф частотной характеристики) авт. — transfer locus of a system
    характери́стика систе́мы, перехо́дная авт. — unit-step response (function)
    перехо́дная характери́стика систе́мы име́ет апериоди́ческий хара́ктер — ( выходная ордината стремится к установившемуся значению монотонно) the system has [shows] an aperiodic [overdamped] transient [unit-step] response; ( имеет один экстрениум и не пересекает установившегося значения) the system has [shows] a critically damped transient [unit-step] response
    перехо́дная характери́стика систе́мы име́ет колеба́тельный хара́ктер — the system has an oscillatory unit-step response
    характери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная амплиту́дная ( модуль частотной характеристики) авт. — amplitude-ratio [gain] (vs. frequency) response (characteristic) of a system
    характери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная амплиту́дная логарифми́ческая авт. — log-magnitude plot [log-magnitude curve] of a system
    характери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная веще́ственная авт. — real (part of the) frequency response of a system
    характери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная логарифми́ческая ( в координатах lg \\ — lg \(\\\)) авт. — Bode diagram
    характери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная мни́мая авт. — imaginary (part of the) frequency response of a system
    характери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная фа́зовая ( аргумент частотной характеристики) авт. — phase (vs. frequency) response (characteristic) of a system
    характери́стика систе́мы, часто́тная фа́зовая логарифми́ческая ( в координатах \\ — lg \) авт. — phase-angle [phase-shift] (vs. log-frequency) plot of a system
    сквозна́я характери́стика киб. — through characteristic
    скоростна́я характери́стика — velocity characteristic; ( шины) speed performance
    со́бственная характери́стика — inherent characteristic
    спада́ющая характери́стика ( вид кривой на графике) — downward sloping (part of a) characteristic
    спектра́льная характери́стика — spectral (response) characteristic, spectral response (function)
    срывна́я характери́стика аргд. — stalling characteristic
    стати́ческая характери́стика — static characteristic
    сте́ндовая характери́стика — test-bench characteristic
    ступе́нчатая характери́стика — staircase characteristic
    счё́тная характери́стика — counter characteristic curve; counting response
    характери́стика телека́меры, спектра́льная — spectral [taking] characteristic of a TV camera
    температу́рная характери́стика — temperature characteristic
    теплова́я характери́стика — thermal response
    техни́ческая характери́стика — technical data
    то́ковая характери́стика — current characteristic
    характери́стика турби́ны — steam consumption diagram, Willans line
    тя́говая характери́стика — tractive characteristic
    характери́стики уде́льной про́чности — strength-weight properties
    характери́стика управле́ния — control characteristic
    характери́стики управля́емости авто — handling characteristics, handling behaviour
    усреднё́нная характери́стика — averaged characteristic
    уста́лостная характери́стика — fatigue characteristic
    фа́зово-часто́тная характери́стика — phase(-frequency) characteristic
    фо́новая характери́стика — background characteristic
    ходовы́е характери́стики ж.-д. — rolling characteristics
    характери́стика холосто́го хо́да — эл. no-load characteristic; ( в теории цепей и связи) open-circuit characteristic
    часто́тная характери́стика элк. — frequency response
    зава́л часто́тной характери́стики, напр. на высо́ких часто́тах — drop of amplification [gain roll-off] at, e. g., high frequencies
    корректи́ровать [подня́ть] часто́тную характери́стику, напр. усили́теля — compensate the frequency response of, e. g., an amplifier
    корректи́ровать [подня́ть] часто́тную характери́стику усили́теля, напр. по высо́ким часто́там — give an amplifier, e. g., a high boost, apply, e. g., high-frequency compensation to an amplifier, raise amplifier gain at the high-frequency end of the range
    корректи́ровать [подня́ть] часто́тную характери́стику усили́теля, напр. по ни́зким часто́там — apply, e. g., low-frequency compensation to an amplifier, raise amplifier gain at the low-frequency end of the range
    часто́тная характери́стика име́ет неравноме́рность, напр. 3 дБ по диапазо́ну — the frequency response is flat within 3 dB over the bandwidth
    часто́тная характери́стика равноме́рна до, напр. 1 МГц — the frequency response is flat up to, e. g., 1 MHz
    часто́тная, равноме́рная по диапазо́ну характери́стика — bandpass response
    схе́ма име́ет равноме́рную по диапазо́ну часто́тную характери́стику — the circuit has [shows] a bandpass response
    числова́я характери́стика — numerical characteristic
    характери́стика чувстви́тельности — sensitivity characteristic
    шумова́я характери́стика — noise performance
    шунтова́я характери́стика — shunt characteristic
    эквивале́нтная характери́стика — total [lumped] characteristic
    эксплуатацио́нная характери́стика — operating characteristic
    эмиссио́нная характери́стика — emission characteristic

    Русско-английский политехнический словарь > характеристика

  • 5 малочисленны

    Малочисленны -- few in number; low in number
     The components mounted adjacent to the engine are robust and few in number.
     The papers in this category although high in quality are regrettably low in number.

    Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > малочисленны

  • 6 Gebiet

    Gebiet n 1. GEN area; region, territory (Region); 2. IND field; 3. WIWI area
    * * *
    n 1. < Geschäft> area, Region region, territory; 2. < Ind> field; 3. <Vw> area
    * * *
    Gebiet
    district, area, ground, region, territory, (Anwendungsbereich) ambit, (Wirkungskreis) field, domain, province, line, sphere of business, range, scope, realm;
    • auf landwirtschaftlichem Gebiet in the area of agriculture;
    • auf sozialem Gebiet in the social field;
    • auf wirtschaftlichem Gebiet in the economic sphere, in economic matters;
    • auf dem Gebiet der mittleren Führungskräfte on middle management level;
    • im gesamten Gebiet der Gemeinschaft (EU) Community-wide;
    • angrenzendes Gebiet neighbo(u)ring country;
    • ausschlaggebendes Gebiet key area;
    • baubeschränktes Gebiet restricted district;
    • bebautes Gebiet built-up area;
    • benachbartes Gebiet adjacent land;
    • benachteiligtes Gebiet less favo(u)red area (LFA);
    • ungenügend mit Arbeitskräften besetztes Gebiet labo(u)r-short area;
    • besiedeltes Gebiet settled area;
    • dicht besiedeltes Gebiet built-up (congested) area;
    • dünn besiedeltes Gebiet thinly populated region;
    • erschlossenes Gebiet developed land;
    • im Wege des Planfeststellungsverfahrens festgelegtes Gebiet zone (US);
    • von Baubeschränkungen freies Gebiet architectural-freedom zone (US);
    • wirtschaftlich gefestigte Gebiete bedrock regions;
    • im Stadtzentrum gelegenes Gebiet midtown area;
    • landwirtschaftlich genutztes Gebiet agricultural (rural) area;
    • zu statistischen Zwecken herausgesuchtes Gebiet census tract (US);
    • rein industrielles Gebiet district devoted to industry;
    • katastrophengefährdetes Gebiet disaster-prone area;
    • kohlenreiches Gebiet area rich in coal;
    • nicht kontinentale Gebiete non-continental territories;
    • rein landwirtschaftliches Gebiet purely agricultural district;
    • ölträchtiges Gebiet proven territory;
    • strittige Gebiete areas of disagreement;
    • überschwemmtes Gebiet swamp and overflooded land, flood plain;
    • assoziierte überseeische Gebiete (EU) associated overseas territories;
    • übervölkertes Gebiet overspill area;
    • unbewohntes Gebiet uninhabited area;
    • unerschlossenes Gebiet undeveloped land (country);
    • unterentwickelte Gebiete undeveloped (underdeveloped, developing) areas;
    • unterversorgtes Gebiet area of multiple deprivation;
    • Bebauungsbeschränkungen unterworfenes Gebiet restricted zone (area);
    • von Arbeiterunruhen verschontes Gebiet district free of labo(u)r troubles;
    • verseuchtes Gebiet plague spot;
    • verwandte Gebiete allied subjects, related fields;
    • regional zurückgebliebenes Gebiet (Regionalplanung) underdeveloped (backward) area;
    • Gebiet mit erhöhter Arbeitslosigkeit green (grey) area;
    • Gebiet mit hoher Arbeitslosigkeit distressed area (Br.), development district (Br.);
    • Gebiet mit geringen Baubeschränkungen unrestricted zone (US);
    • Gebiet mit rückläufiger Entwicklung area in decline;
    • ländliche Gebiete mit rückläufiger Entwicklung declining rural areas;
    • Gebiete für kurzfristige Kapitalanlagen short-term capital areas;
    • Gebiet in äußerster Randlage outermost region;
    • Gebiet mit absolutem Sendeverbot radio quiet zone;
    • Gebiet mit niedriger Sterblichkeit low-mortality area;
    • Gebiet der öffentlichen Versorgungsbetriebe public utility field;
    • Gebiet abriegeln to seal off an area;
    • auf ein bestimmtes Gebiet beschränken to specialize;
    • Gebiet höher bewerten to upgrade an area;
    • Gebiet in Bezirke einteilen to district an area;
    • Fachmann auf einem Gebiet sein to be an authority on a subject;
    • sich auf einem Gebiet spezialisieren to specialize one’s studies, to major in a subject (US).
    abklappern, Gebiet
    (Vertreter) to canvass a district;
    • alle Häuser in der Gegend abklappern (Vertreter) to do the round of all the houses in an area;
    • Läden nach etw. abklappern to [traipse] round the shops looking for s. th.;
    • Straßen nach einer Arbeit (Beschäftigung) abklappern to pound pavement (US sl.).

    Business german-english dictionary > Gebiet

  • 7 प्राकृत _prākṛta

    प्राकृत a. (
    -ता, -ती f.) [प्रकृतेरयं प्रकृत्या निर्वृत्तो वा अण्]
    1 Original, natural, unaltered, unmodified; स्याताममित्रौ मित्रे च सहजप्राकृतावपि Śi.2.36 (see Malli, thereon).
    -2 Usual, common, ordinary.
    -3 Uncultivated, vulgar, unrefined, illiterate; प्राकृत इव परिभूयमानमात्मानं न रुणत्सि K.146; Bg.18.28.
    -4 Insignificant, unimportant; trifling; Mu.1.
    -5 Derived from Prakṛiti, q. v.; प्राकृतो लयः 'reabsorption into Prakṛiti'; विमुञ्चेत् प्राकृतान् ग्रामांस्तान् मुक्त्वा$मृतमश्नुते Mb.12.24.12.
    -6 Provincial, vernacular (as a dialect); see below.
    -तः 1 A low man, an ordinary or vulgar man. कार्षापणं भवेद्दण्डयो यत्रान्यः प्राकृतो जनः Ms.8.336.
    -2 A kind of fever; वर्षाशरद्वसन्तेषु वाताद्यैः प्राकृतः क्रमात् Mādhava; (see
    -ज्वरः)
    -तम् A vernacular or provincial dialect derived from and akin to Sanskrit; प्रकृतिः संस्कृतं तत्र भवं तत आगतं च प्राकृतम् Hemachandra. (Many of these dialects are spoken by the female characters and inferior personages of Sanskrit plays and are usually divided into 4 dialects:-- शौरसेनी, माहाराष्ट्री, अपभ्रंश and पैशाची); तद्भवस्तत्समो देशीत्यनेकः प्राकृत- क्रमः Kāv.1.33; also 34, 35; त्वमप्यस्मादृशजनयोग्ये प्राकृतमार्गे प्रवृत्तो$सि Vb.1.
    -2 Resolution or reabsorption into प्रकृति; the dissolution of the universe.
    -3 A particular ritual or यज्ञ; Bhāg.1.84.52.
    -Comp. -अरिः a natural enemy, i. e. the ruler of an adjacent country; see Malli. on Śi.2.36.
    -उदासीनः a natural neutral; i. e. a ruler whose dominions lie beyond those of the natural ally.
    -ज्वरः a common or ordinary fever.
    -प्रलयः com- plete dissolution of the universe.
    -मानुषः a common or ordinary man.
    -मित्रम् a natural ally; i. e. a ruler whose dominions lie immediately beyond those of the natural enemy (i. e. whose country is separated from the country with which he is allied by that of another).

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > प्राकृत _prākṛta

  • 8 LIGGJA

    * * *
    (ligg; lá, lágum; leginn), v.
    1) to lie (ör liggr þar úti á vegginum);
    liggja sjúkr, to lie sick (hann liggr sjúkr heima);
    þeir lágu í sárum, they lay ill of their wounds;
    2) to lie buried (hér liggr skáld);
    3) to lie at anchor (hann lagði til hafnar ok lá þþþþþþar um hríð);
    liggja veðrfastr, to lie weather-bound;
    4) to lie, be situated, of a place (þorp ok borgir, er lágu við ríki hans);
    5) to lie, go, lead, of a road (liggr gata til bœjarins);
    6) to be covered with ice, ice-bound (vetrar-ríki var á mikit ok lágu firðir allir);
    7) to lie with, have sexual intercourse with, = liggja hjá konu;
    8) with preps. and advs.:
    liggja á e-m, to lie heavy on, weigh upon, oppress (liggja á mér hugir stórra manna);
    liggja á hálsi e-m, to hang on one’s neck, blame one;
    liggja á e-m, to be fated to one (þat lá á konungi, at hann skyldi eigi lifa um tíu vetr);
    liggja á e-u, to attend, be connected with (á þessum ráðum liggja stórmeinbugir);
    to be urgent, of importance, pressing (A. kvað honum eigi á liggja þat at vita);
    liggr honum ekki á, it does not matter to him;
    liggja á úknyttum, to pursue wicked courses;
    liggja eptir, to be left undone (skal ekki eptir liggja þat, sem vér megum þeim veita);
    liggja fyrir e-m, to lie in wait for;
    liggja fyrir, to be in store for, or open to, one;
    þœtti mér þat ráð fyrir liggja, at þú sendir menn, that the best thing would be to send men;
    liggja hjá e-rri, to lie with (lá ek hjá dóttur þinni);
    liggja í e-u, to stick or sink in (lágu hestarnir á kafi í snjónum);
    liggja í, to stick fast in mire or bog (liggr í hestrinn undir þeim);
    liggja í hernaði, víkingu, to be engaged in warfare;
    liggja niðri, to lie untold (nú skal þat eigi niðri liggja, er honum er þó mest vegsemd í);
    liggja saman, to be adjacent (lágu saman skógar þeirra Lopts);
    liggja til e-s, to belong to (naut ok sauðir, lá þat til Atleyjar);
    bœtr liggja til alls, there is atonement for every case;
    to be due or proper (þótti þat til liggja at taka af honum tignina);
    liggja til byrjar, to lie by for a fair wind;
    liggja til hafs, to lie ready for sea (lá biskup til hafs sex vikur);
    liggja um e-n, to lie in wait for;
    liggja um e-t, to be bent upon (hann liggr um þat nótt ok dag at veita yðr líflát);
    liggja undir e-n or e-m, to be subject to, belong to (þessi lönd liggja undir Danakonung);
    hlutr e-s liggr undir, one is worsted;
    liggja úti, to lie out, not in a house (sumir lágu úti á fjöllum með bú sín);
    liggja við, to lie at stake (líf mitt liggr við);
    þá muntu bezt gefast, er mest liggr við, when the need is greatest;
    e-m liggr við e-u, one is on the verge of;
    mörgum lá við bana, many lay at death’s door;
    lá við sjálft, at, ti was just on the point of.
    * * *
    pres. ligg, pl. liggja; pret. lá, 2nd pers. látt, mod. lást; subj. lægi; imperat. ligg and liggðú; part. leginn: [Ulf. ligan = κεισθαι; A. S. licgan; Chauc. to ligge; North. E. and Scot. to lig; Engl. to lie; Germ. liegen; Dan. ligge]:—to lie; ör liggr þar úti á vegginum, Nj. 115, Fas. i. 284; þeir vógu at honum liggjanda ok úvörum, 332; hann liggr á hauginum, Fb. i. 215; lá hann inni meðan þeir börðusk, Nj. 85; legsk hann niðr í runna nokkura ok liggr þar um stund, 132; Rafn lá í bekk, Sturl. i. 140; sveinar tveir er lengi höfðu úti legit á fjöllum, to lie out in the cold, Fms. ii. 98; sumir lágu úti á fjöllum með bú sín, lay out on the fells with their cattle, Sturl. iii. 75: of robbers, cp. úti-legu-maðr, an ‘outlying-man,’ outlaw; l. úti á fjöllum, Ld. 250: of freebooters, víkingar tveir, ok lágu úti bæði vetr ok sumar, Grett. 83; l. í hernaði, víkingu, to be out on a raid, Fs. 120, Eg. 1, Fms. xi. 44:—to lie, rest, þú skalt liggja í lopti hjá mér í nótt, Nj. 6; lágu þau þar tvau ein í loptinu, 7; þú skalt ríða um nætr en liggja ( but lie abed) um daga, 34; Gunnarr lá mjök langa hríð, 94; þeir lágu úti um nóttina, lay out by night, Fms. ix. 364: the phrase, liggja á gólfi, to lie on the floor, to lie in labour, Fb. ii. 263: of carnal intercourse, to lie with, hefir Guðrún dóttir mín legit hjá þér, Nj. 94; lá ek hjá dóttur þinni, 130: liggja með e-m, id., Grág. i. 128; hón hefir legit sekt í garð konungs, N. G. L. i. 358: with acc., liggja konu, stuprare, Gþl. 203, N. G. L. i. 20; at þú hafir legit dóttur Ísólfs, Lv. 78: of animals (rare), en veðrarnir ok bukkarnir lágu þær, Stj. 178:—to lie sick, hann liggr sjúkr heima at búð …, lá hann sjúkr um allt þingit, Nj. 80; Þórólfr ok Bárðr lágu í sárum, lay sick of their wounds, Eg. 34; Helga tók þá ok þyngd ok lá þó eigi, H. lay sick, but not bedridden, Ísl. ii. 274; ef griðmaðr liggr af verkum sínum, lies sick from his work, Grág. i. 154; ef hann liggr í helsótt, 201:—to lie, be buried, Björn liggr í Farmanns-haugi, Fms. i. 12; hér liggr skald, Fb. i. 215 (in a verse):—to lie at anchor, Bs. i. 713; þar lagði hann til hafnar ok lá þar um hríð, Fms. i. 145; lágu langskip konungs með endilöngum bryggjum, ix. 478; þeir lágu þar nokkura hríð undir nesi einu, Nj. 43; hann lá í Gautelfi austr, 122; þar lá fyrir í höfninni knörr einn mikill, Eg. 79; en er hann kom fyrir Elfina þá lágu þeir þar ok biðu nætr, 80; Haraldr konungr lá liði sínu út fyrir Hreinsléttu, Fms. i. 12; liggja til byrjar, to lie by for a fair wind, 135; liggja til hafs, id., Bs. i. 66, Bjarn. 4, Gísl. 7, Landn. 223: l. veðr-fastr, to lie weather-bound:—lágu hvelpar í hundunum, they were big with whelps, Fms. xi. 10: l. í kafi, to sink deep; þá liggr í hestrinn undir þeim, sank in a quagmire, Fs. 65; Gregorius lá í ísinum, Fms. vii. 273; also, lágu hestarnir á (í) kafi, Eg. 546.
    II. to be covered with ice, ice-bound (cp. leggja); vötnin lágu öll, Fbr. 13; til Vigra-fjarðar, ok lá hann allr, Eb. 84 new Ed.; lágu allir firðir, 306.
    III. to lie idle, of capital; enda er heimting til fjárins, hversu lengi sem liggr, Grág. i. 209; enda liggr féit hér alldregi, 220; erfðir liggi sem áðr er skilt um, Gþl. 254; liggja úslegit, to lie unmown, Grág. ii. 284; láta sum orð liggja (to let them lie, leave out) þau er máli eigu at skipta, þat er ljúgvitni, i. 43; l. niðri, to lie down, lie dormant, lie untold, or the like, Fagrsk, 126, Nj. 88, Ó. H. 233, Grett. 192 new Ed.; opt má satt kyrt liggja, truth may often be left alone, a saying: liggja eptir, to be left behind, untold, Fms. viii. 4: spec. usages, liggja lauss fyrir, to lie loose, lie at one’s hand; fylg þú nú virðing þinni er þér liggr laus fyrir, Boll. 360; þótti eigi svá laust fyrir liggja sem þeir hugsuðu, Fms. viii. 357: liggja undir e-m (or e-n), of power, lands, to belong to; jörðu þeirri er legit hefir undir oss langfeðrum, Gþl. 296; þat er mikit ríki, ok liggr undir biskup í Skáni, Fms. xi. 231.
    IV. to take, hold, of a measure; vatns-ker þau er í lágu matskjólur tvennar, Hom. (St.): the phrase, liggja í miklu, litlu rúmi, to take a great, a little space, metaph. to think much, little of a thing, Ld. 210, Al. 152; liggja í léttu rúmi, to care little for: e-m liggja vel (ílla) orð til e-s, to speak well ( ill) of a thing or person, Konr.; honum lágu vel orð til hans, he spoke favourably of him.
    V. to lie, be situated, of a place, road, of direction; slá er lá um þvert skipit, Nj. 125; liggja saman garðar, Gísl. 10; liggr sá steinn þar enn, Eg. 142, Gm. 4, 12; þær (the Scilly Islands) liggja vestr í hafit fra Englandi, Fms. i. 145; at garði þeim sem liggr ofan eptir mýrinni, Dipl. v. 25; er sagt er at liggi sex dægra sigling í norðr frá Bretlandi, Landn. (begin.); en Finnmörk liggr fyrir ofan öll þessi lönd, Eg. 58; Ey liggr í Hitará, Bjarn. 22; eyin liggr við þjóðleið fyrir útan, Ó. H. 116; veiði-stöð sú liggr á Breiða-firði er Bjarneyjar heita, Ld. 38; þar liggr til hafs útver, lies on the sea-side, Ó. H. 149; veginn þann er um skóginn lá, Eg. 578; sem leið liggr, Eb. 306; liggr gata til bæjarins, Gísl. 28; en til góðs vinar liggja gagnvegir, Hm. 33; leiðin liggr fram með hálsinum, Eg. 582; tjaldstaði þá er þeim þóttu beztir, ok hæst lágu, Fms. vi. 135; þangat sem leiðin liggr lægra, Sturl. ii. 247: of the body, lá hátt tanngarðrinn, he had prominent teeth, Nj. 39: of the eyes, rauðlituð augu ok lágu fagrt ok fast, Fms. viii. 447; augu þau er liggja í ljósu líki, Kormak: ofarliga mun liggja ú-jafnaðr í þér, Grett. 135 new Ed.
    B. Metaph. usages, esp. with prepp.; liggja á, to lie heavy on, to weigh upon, and metaph. to oppress; liggja á mér hugir stórra manna, Fb. i. 258, Sks. 276; l. á hálsi e-m, to hang on one’s neck, blame, Fms. xi. 336: of a fine, þar liggr ekki fégjald á, ’tis not finable, K. Þ. K. 164: to be bewitched, lie under a spell, þat lá á konungi, at hann skyldi eigi lifa um tíu vetr, Fms. x. 220 (cp. leggja á e-n and á-lög): to pursue, liggja á úknyttum, to pursue wicked things, 172; liggja á úráði, Karl. 121: to be urgent, of importance, pressing, kvað honum eigi á liggja þat at vita, Grett. 37 new Ed.; eigi þykki mér á því liggja, segir Járnskjöldr, Fb. i. 259; mun þar stórt á liggja, ’tis a grave matter, Nj. 62; nú liggr honum ekki á ( it does not matter for him), þótt hann komi aldri til Íslands, Band. 10: mod., það liggr ekki á, it does not press, is not urgent; mér liggr á, it lies on me, is pressing for me: impers. to feel, be in spirits so and so, liggr vel á e-m, to be in good spirits; liggr ílla á e-m, to be in low spirits, the metaphor being taken from the pressure on the mind: leaving out the prep., lá honum þat ílla, it weighed heavily on hitn, Bs. i. 775:—liggja að, in the phrase, það lá að, that was just what was to be expected! an expression of dislike:—liggja fyrir e-m, to lie before one, of things to be done or to happen, of what is fated, doomed (see for-lög); þætti mér þat ráð fyrir liggja, faðir, at þú sendir menn, the best thing to be done would be to send men, Eg. 167; at þat mundi fyrir liggja at búask til orrostu, 283; en Bera kvað Egil vera víkings-efni, kvað þat mundu fyrir liggja, þegar hann hefði aldr til, 190: liggja fyrir e-m, to lie in one’s way, in ambush (cp. fyrirsát), Edda 148 (pref.), Eg. 240:—liggja um e-t, to lie in wait for, Fms. x. 287; l. um líf e-s, to seek one’s life, Stj. 550, Sks. 722:—liggja til, to be due to, deserved; þótti þat til liggja at taka af honum tignina, Eg. 271: to belong to, naut ok sauðir, lá þat til Atleyjar, 719: to fit to, til sumra meina liggr bruni (as a remedy), 655 xi. 28; bætr liggja til alls, there is atonement for every case, Fas. iii. 522; e-m liggr vel (ílla) orð til e-s, to speak well (or evil) of a person, Sturl. iii. 143:—liggja undir, to lie underneath, be worsted, of wrestling, Bárð. 166; fyrir hverjum liggr hlutr þinn undir, Eb. 156:—liggja við, to lie at slake; deildi … ok hafði einn þat er við lá, Ísl. ii. 215; en þeir köru at hætta til, er féfang lá við svá mikit, Eg. 57; skal þar liggja við mundrinn allr, Nj. 15; liggr þér nökkut við?—Líf mitt liggr við, segir hann, 116; þá muntú bezt gefask, er mest liggr við, when the need is greatest, 179; svá er ok at mikit liggr yðr þá við, 227; en mér liggr hér nú allt við, it is all important to me, 265; þótt ek vita at líf mitt liggi við, 115; lá við sjálft, at …, it was on the point of …, Al. 79: mod., það lá við, að …
    C. Reflex. to lay oneself down, lie down; þá er þat étr ok er fullt liggsk þat ok söfr (of cattle), Best. 58, cp. Gm.
    2. e-m liggsk e-t, to leave behind, forget; svínið lásk mér eptir, Skíða R. 185; legisk hefir mér nokkut í minni venju, ek gáða eigi at taka blezun af biskupi, Bs. i. 781: hence the mod. phrase, mér láðist ( I forgot) and mér hefir láðst, which is a corruption from mér lásk eptir; for lá mér eptir, read lásk mér eptir, I forgot, neglected (?), Skv. 1. 20; láskat þat dægr háski, it did not miss, did not fail, Arnór; láskat, be failed not, Bjarn. (in a verse).

    Íslensk-ensk orðabók > LIGGJA

  • 9 склоны скалистые

    gentle runnels (водотоки с пологими краями) or rocky slopes and adjacent portions of the valley bottom.
    In the study area, the angle of slope averaged 35°, with continuous grass cover except on rock outcrops and boulders. Grass height was mostly c. 50 cm, but somewhat shorter, averaging 350 on steep slopes, and with scattered, even shorter patches .
    The arctic land is not characterized everywhere by low tundra, for a large part is mountainous. In some regions strongly denuded areas of old mountain chains now form undulating peneplains, while in other sections the country is extremely montainous, consisting of sky-high towering alps with steep slopes and majestic snow-capped peaks and ridges .

    Русско-английский словарь по этологии (поведению животных) > склоны скалистые

  • 10 поток


    flow
    - 1 безграничный — unrestricted flow
    - i безразрывный — continuous flow
    -, безударный — shock-free flow
    -, бесскачковый — shock-free flow
    - в вихре — flow in vortex
    -, вихревой — vortex flow
    - воздуха (в двигателе) — airflow (in engine)
    -, воздушный (рис. 142) — airflow, airstream
    -, воздушный, создаваемый винтом — slipstreafti
    -, возмущенный — disturbed flow
    -, восходящий — updraft
    - выхлопных (выходящих) гaзов (двиг.) — exhaust gas stream /efflux/
    - газа (в двигателе) — gas stream (in engine)
    -, гиперзауковой — hypersonic flow
    - горячих газов (двиг.) — hot stream gas flow
    -, двухмерный — two-dimensional flow
    -, дозвуковой — subsonic flow
    - жидкости — fluid flow
    - за (воздушным) винтом — slipstream

    the stream of air driven astern by the propeller.
    -, звуковой — sonic flow
    -, индуцированный — induced flow
    -, косой — oblique flow
    -, криволинейный — curvilinear flow
    -, ламинарный — laminar flow
    поток воздуха, обтекающий тело без наличия поперечных перемещений частиц воздуха между соседними линиями потока. — smooth flow in which no crossflow of fluid particles occur between adjacent stream lines.
    -, магнитный — magnetic flux
    -, местный — local flow
    -, набегающий — ram airflow, ram air
    -, невозмущенный — undisturbed flow
    -, неограниченный — unrestricted flow
    -, непрерывный — continuous flow
    -, несжимаемый — incompressible flow
    -, неустановившийся — unsteady flow
    -, нисходящий — downdraft
    -, обратный — return flow
    -, одномерный — one-dimensional flow
    -, однородный — uniform flow
    -, осевой — axial flow
    -, отделившийся — separated flow
    -, оторвавшийся — separated flow
    - парашютистов — stick of parachutists
    самолет имеет люк для одповременного выпуска двух потоков парашютистов, — the aircraft has а door for simultaneous jumping of two sticks of parachutists.
    - разреженного газа — low-density flow
    -, расширившийся — expanded flow
    -, реверсированный — reversed flow
    -, сверхзвуковой — supersonic flow
    -, свободный — free stream
    -, сжимаемый — compressible flow
    -, скоростной (воздуха) — ram air(flow)
    радиатор охлаждается скоростным потоком воздуха, — the cooler is cooled by ram air.
    - со скачком уплотнения — shocked flow
    -, турбулентный — turbulent flow
    -, ускоренный — accelerated flow
    -, установившийся (устойчивый) — steady flow
    - холодного воздуха (двиг.) — cold stream air flow
    -, циркуляционный — circulatory flow
    -, чисто гиперзвуковой — all-hypersonic flow
    -, чисто дозвуковой — all-subsonic flow
    -, чисто сверхзвуковой — all-supersonic flow
    зона торможения п. — stagnation area
    переход ламинарного п. в турбулентный — transition from laminar to turbulent flow
    поведение п. — flow behavior
    скорость п. — flow velocity
    скос п. вверх — upwash
    скос п. вниз — downwash
    торможение п. — deceleration of flow
    турболентность п. — flow turbulence
    устойчивость п. — flow stability
    попадать в воздушный п. — be introduced into the air
    (напр., о парашютисте) — stream
    сдуваться (уноситься) воздушным (набегающим, обтекающим) п. — be blown off in slipstream

    Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > поток

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